0332/2025 - Ambientes Alimentares predizem a adesão ao Guia Alimentar para População Brasileira? Uma análise do estudo Brazuca Natal Do Food Environments Predict Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population? An analysis of the Brazuca Natal study
O estudo teve por objetivo identificar a relação entre os ambientes alimentares e a adesão ao Guia Alimentar para População Brasileira dos residentes de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com dados do ambiente alimentar (desertos e pântanos alimentares) de Natal/RN e dados individuais de adultos e idosos do estudo BRAZUCA Natal (sexo, idade, renda mensal do responsável e escore de adesão ao Guia Alimentar, que se refere às práticas alimentares alinhadas e opostas às recomendações nacionais para uma alimentação adequada e saudável). Para analisar a associação entre as variáveis realizou-se regressão linear múltipla por backward stepwise. O estudo mostrou que morar em um deserto alimentar reduz em 2,41 (p=0,014) o escore de adesão ao Guia Alimentar, independente da renda, idade e sexo; e reduz em 1,39 (p=0,006) o escore de adesão segundo as práticas opostas ao Guia Alimentar. Os pântanos alimentares não evidenciaram associação com a adesão ao Guia Alimentar (p=0,886). Nesta perspectiva, apenas os desertos alimentares apresentaram relação com a adesão ao Guia Alimentar de adultos e idosos residentes em Natal/RN. A compreensão desse cenário contribui para direcionar as ações de promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável para essa população.
Palavras-chave:
Acesso a Alimentos Saudáveis; Guias Alimentares. Ambiente Construído.
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to ascertain the relationship between food environments and adherence to the Brazilian Food Guide among residents of a capital city in the northeastern region of Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that employs data on the food environment (food deserts and swamps) in Natal/RN and individual data on adults and older people from the BRAZUCA Natal study. The data set includes information on gender, age, the monthly income of the person responsible, and an adherence score to the Food Guide, which refers to eating practices in line with and opposed to national recommendations for adequate and healthy eating. The association between the variables was analyzed using multiple linear regression by backward stepwise. The findings indicate that residing in a food desert is associated with a 2.41-point reduction in the adherence score to the Food Guide (p=0.014), irrespective of income, age, and gender. Additionally, living in a food desert is linked to a 1.39-point decrease in the adherence score for practices that are contrary to the Food Guide (p=0.006). Food swamps were not associated with adherence to the Food Guide (p=0.886). Consequently, only food deserts were found to be associated with adherence to the Food Guide among adults and the elderly in Natal/RN. This understanding provides a basis for the development of strategies to promote adequate and healthy eating among this population.
Keywords:
Access to Healthy Food; Food Guides. Built Environment.
Do Food Environments Predict Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population? An analysis of the Brazuca Natal study
Resumo (abstract):
The objective of this study was to ascertain the relationship between food environments and adherence to the Brazilian Food Guide among residents of a capital city in the northeastern region of Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that employs data on the food environment (food deserts and swamps) in Natal/RN and individual data on adults and older people from the BRAZUCA Natal study. The data set includes information on gender, age, the monthly income of the person responsible, and an adherence score to the Food Guide, which refers to eating practices in line with and opposed to national recommendations for adequate and healthy eating. The association between the variables was analyzed using multiple linear regression by backward stepwise. The findings indicate that residing in a food desert is associated with a 2.41-point reduction in the adherence score to the Food Guide (p=0.014), irrespective of income, age, and gender. Additionally, living in a food desert is linked to a 1.39-point decrease in the adherence score for practices that are contrary to the Food Guide (p=0.006). Food swamps were not associated with adherence to the Food Guide (p=0.886). Consequently, only food deserts were found to be associated with adherence to the Food Guide among adults and the elderly in Natal/RN. This understanding provides a basis for the development of strategies to promote adequate and healthy eating among this population.
Palavras-chave (keywords):
Access to Healthy Food; Food Guides. Built Environment.
