• Marcelo Firpo de Souza Porto - Porto, M.F. - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca - ENSP/FIOCRUZ - <marcelo.firpo@ensp.fiocruz.br>
O presente artigo discute limites, alternativas e desafios da gestão ambiental nas sociedades contemporâneas inseridas no capitalismo globalizado a partir de uma análise crítica apoiada em alguns autores das ciências sociais, da ecologia política e da saúde coletiva. Para isso, sistematizamos o significado da gestão ambiental hegemônica em sua vertente da ecoeficiência e seus limites tanto para o enfrentamento dos riscos ambientais, como para a construção de processos e sociedades mais democráticos. Em seguida construímos quatro tipos ideais de cenários envolvendo possíveis combinações entre gestão ambiental e democracia. Este modelo serviu de base, juntamente com trabalhos acadêmicos e a experiência teórica e militante dos autores, para uma reflexão sobre as características atuais e tendências futuras de gestão ambiental e democracia, com ênfase na realidade latino-americana, mais especificamente a brasileira. Por fim, discutimos dialeticamente possibilidades de transformação social a partir das contradições e alternativas emancipatórias decorrentes das confrontações entre tendências hegemônicas do mercado e contra-hegemônicas provenientes de utopias e movimentos sociais, estas assumindo princípios da justiça ambiental, da economia solidária, da agroecologia e da sustentabilidade, bem como da construção de novas epistemologias.
This article discusses the limits, alternatives and challenges of environmental management in contemporary societies REPLACEed in a globalized capitalism based on a critical analysis supported by authors from social sciences, political ecology and public health. For this we systematize the meaning of environmental management in their hegemonic aspect of eco-efficiency and their limits to cope with environmental risks, such as for building democratic processes and societies. Then we developed four ideal types of scenarios involving possible combinations of environmental management and democracy. This model was based academic studies and the theoretical and militant experience of the authors leading to a reflection on the current characteristics and future trends of environmental management and democracy, with emphasis on the reality of Latin America, specifically Brazil. Finally, we discuss dialectically possibilities for social transformation taking into consideration the contradictions and emancipatory alternatives resulting from confrontations between hegemonic tendencies of the market and from counter-hegemonic utopias and social movements, the latter assuming principles of environmental justice, solidarity economy, agroecology and sustainability as well as the construction of new epistemologies.
Keywords:
environmental management
democracy
future scenarios
eco-efficiency
citizen control
Environmental management: critical analysis, scenarios and challenges
Resumo (abstract):
This article discusses the limits, alternatives and challenges of environmental management in contemporary societies REPLACEed in a globalized capitalism based on a critical analysis supported by authors from social sciences, political ecology and public health. For this we systematize the meaning of environmental management in their hegemonic aspect of eco-efficiency and their limits to cope with environmental risks, such as for building democratic processes and societies. Then we developed four ideal types of scenarios involving possible combinations of environmental management and democracy. This model was based academic studies and the theoretical and militant experience of the authors leading to a reflection on the current characteristics and future trends of environmental management and democracy, with emphasis on the reality of Latin America, specifically Brazil. Finally, we discuss dialectically possibilities for social transformation taking into consideration the contradictions and emancipatory alternatives resulting from confrontations between hegemonic tendencies of the market and from counter-hegemonic utopias and social movements, the latter assuming principles of environmental justice, solidarity economy, agroecology and sustainability as well as the construction of new epistemologies.
Palavras-chave (keywords):
environmental management
democracy
future scenarios
eco-efficiency
citizen control
