0121/2022 - Políticas de ampliação do acesso ao ensino superior e mudança no perfil de egressos de medicina no Brasil: um estudo transversal. Policies for expanding access to higher education and changing the profile of medical graduates in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.
Este estudo avalia o impacto de políticas de ampliação do acesso ao ensino superior na redução de iniquidades no perfil dos egressos de cursos médicos no Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal que utiliza dados do Censo da Educação Superior de 2018. Foram realizadas análises para identificar associação entre ser beneficiário da Lei de Cotas, do Programa Universidade para Todos ou do Fundo de Financiamento Estudantil e três marcadores: nascimento em município de pequeno porte, ser não-branco ou ter cursado ensino médio em escola pública. Realizamos análises utilizando teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e análise multivariada através de regressão de Poisson. Houve associação significativa entre ser beneficiário destas políticas e ser egresso não branco, ter nascido em município de pequeno porte e ser egresso de escola pública no ensino médio. Todas as políticas apresentaram resultados de Razões de Prevalências (RP) ajustadas superiores a um e com significância estatística. A Lei de cotas foi a política mais efetiva com RP=1,92 para ser egresso não-branco, RP=6,66 para ter estudado ensino médio em escola pública e RP=1,08 para ter nascido em município de pequeno porte. Apesar destes resultados, estes grupos continuam sub-representados nos cursos médicos e na composição da força de trabalho. Desta forma, é necessário ampliar e aprimorar políticas para reduzir iniquidades.
Palavras-chave:
Recursos Humanos, Educação Médica, Política Pública, Fatores socioeconômicos, Segregação Social
Abstract:
This study assesses the effectiveness of policies to expand access to higher education in reducing inequities in the profile of graduatesmedical courses in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that uses datathe 2018 Higher Education Census. Analyzes were carried out to identify the association between being a beneficiary of the Quota Law, the University for All Program or the Student Financing Fund and three markers: birth in the municipality of small size, being non-white or having attended high school in a public school. We performed analyzes using Pearson\'s chi-square test and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. There was a significant association between being a beneficiary of these policies and being a non-white graduate, born in a small town and had studied in high school in public institutions. All policies presented adjusted Prevalence Ratio (PR) that demonstrated association with statistical significance. The Quota Law was the most effective policy with RP=1.92 for non-white graduates, RP=6.66 for having studied high school in a public school and RP=1.08 for birthplace in a small town. Despite these results, these groups remain underrepresented in medical courses and in the composition of the workforce. Thus, it is necessary to expand and improve these policies to reduce inequities.
Keywords:
Workforce, Medical education, Public Policy, Socioeconomic Factors, Social Segregation
Policies for expanding access to higher education and changing the profile of medical graduates in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.
Resumo (abstract):
This study assesses the effectiveness of policies to expand access to higher education in reducing inequities in the profile of graduatesmedical courses in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that uses datathe 2018 Higher Education Census. Analyzes were carried out to identify the association between being a beneficiary of the Quota Law, the University for All Program or the Student Financing Fund and three markers: birth in the municipality of small size, being non-white or having attended high school in a public school. We performed analyzes using Pearson\'s chi-square test and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. There was a significant association between being a beneficiary of these policies and being a non-white graduate, born in a small town and had studied in high school in public institutions. All policies presented adjusted Prevalence Ratio (PR) that demonstrated association with statistical significance. The Quota Law was the most effective policy with RP=1.92 for non-white graduates, RP=6.66 for having studied high school in a public school and RP=1.08 for birthplace in a small town. Despite these results, these groups remain underrepresented in medical courses and in the composition of the workforce. Thus, it is necessary to expand and improve these policies to reduce inequities.
Palavras-chave (keywords):
Workforce, Medical education, Public Policy, Socioeconomic Factors, Social Segregation
Figueiredo, A. M., Lima, K. C., Massuda. A, Azevedo, G. D.. Políticas de ampliação do acesso ao ensino superior e mudança no perfil de egressos de medicina no Brasil: um estudo transversal.. Cien Saude Colet [periódico na internet] (2022/Mai). [Citado em 11/10/2024].
Está disponível em: http://cienciaesaudecoletiva.com.br/artigos/politicas-de-ampliacao-do-acesso-ao-ensino-superior-e-mudanca-no-perfil-de-egressos-de-medicina-no-brasil-um-estudo-transversal/18377?id=18377
