0307/2019 - Reforma e contrarreforma psiquiátrica: Análise de uma crise sociopolítica e sanitária a nível nacional e regional. Psychiatric reform and counter-reform: Analysis of a sociopolitical and sanitary crisis at a national and regional level.
Este artigo aborda as mudanças político-legais e assistenciais no âmbito das políticas públicas de saúde mental no Brasil, demonstrando seus efeitos de Contrarreforma Psiquiátrica. Com base em uma análise documental, foi possível explicitar as tensões geradas nesse processo, com suas repercussões sobre a Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira, enquanto processo complexo, especialmente sobre a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. É discutido, como um caso paradoxal de Contra-Contrarreforma, o exemplo do estado da Bahia, pela sua recente proposta de fechamento dos hospitais psiquiátricos, na direção de uma anunciada intenção de desinstitucionalização das pessoas internadas, que não coincide com o momento da mudança de política de saúde mental brasileira. Conclui-se que o risco de aprofundamento da crise sanitária, social e econômica em todo o território nacional demanda o incremento de medidas de advocacy e mobilização, no sentido de evitar perdas de mecanismos de proteção social, o que também contempla a saúde mental, que simultaneamente se coloca como ameaça aos direitos humanos e à inclusão de pessoas em sofrimento psíquico, mas também como uma oportunidade de reimpulsionar uma reforma que estava em pleno devir.
Palavras-chave:
Política de Saúde Mental; Reforma Psiquiátrica; Movimento Antimanicomial; Reabilitação Psicossocial.
Abstract:
This article discusses the political-legal and assistance changes in public mental health policies in Brazil, demonstrating its effects of Psychiatric Counter-Reform. Based on a documentary analysis, it was possible to explain the tensions generated in this process, with its repercussions on Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, as a complex process, especially on the Psychosocial Care Network. As a paradoxical case of Counter-Counter-Reform, the state of Bahia is discussed here, due to its recent proposal to close psychiatric hospitals, in the direction of an announced intention to deinstitutionalize hospitalized people that does not coincide with the moment of the change of policy of Brazilian mental health. It is concluded that the risk of deepening the sanitary, social and economic crisis throughout the national territory demands the increase of advocacy and mobilization measures, in order to avoid losses of social protection mechanisms, which also includes mental health, simultaneously poses a threat to human rights and the inclusion of people in psychological distress, but also as an opportunity to re-energize a reform that was in full becoming.
Keywords:
Mental health policy. Psychiatric Reform. Anti-asylum movement. Psychosocial rehabilitation.
Psychiatric reform and counter-reform: Analysis of a sociopolitical and sanitary crisis at a national and regional level.
Resumo (abstract):
This article discusses the political-legal and assistance changes in public mental health policies in Brazil, demonstrating its effects of Psychiatric Counter-Reform. Based on a documentary analysis, it was possible to explain the tensions generated in this process, with its repercussions on Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, as a complex process, especially on the Psychosocial Care Network. As a paradoxical case of Counter-Counter-Reform, the state of Bahia is discussed here, due to its recent proposal to close psychiatric hospitals, in the direction of an announced intention to deinstitutionalize hospitalized people that does not coincide with the moment of the change of policy of Brazilian mental health. It is concluded that the risk of deepening the sanitary, social and economic crisis throughout the national territory demands the increase of advocacy and mobilization measures, in order to avoid losses of social protection mechanisms, which also includes mental health, simultaneously poses a threat to human rights and the inclusion of people in psychological distress, but also as an opportunity to re-energize a reform that was in full becoming.
Palavras-chave (keywords):
Mental health policy. Psychiatric Reform. Anti-asylum movement. Psychosocial rehabilitation.
Nunes, M. O., Júnior, J.M.L, Portugal, C.M, Torrenté, M.. Reforma e contrarreforma psiquiátrica: Análise de uma crise sociopolítica e sanitária a nível nacional e regional.. Cien Saude Colet [periódico na internet] (2019/out). [Citado em 22/01/2025].
Está disponível em: http://cienciaesaudecoletiva.com.br/artigos/reforma-e-contrarreforma-psiquiatrica-analise-de-uma-crise-sociopolitica-e-sanitaria-a-nivel-nacional-e-regional/17381?id=17381
