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INTRODUCTION
This essay aims to celebrate the 30 th anniversary of the Revista Ciência & Saúde
Coletiva (C&SC), presenting the two main characteristics that distinguish it from other
sister journals: owned by an association (ABRASCO) and being thematic. This article’s
content is grounded on the description of the meaning of these attributes and, based on
them, a discussion on the contribution of the Journal’s successes and difficulties, in
particular, the problematization of access to what it publishes, its national and
international collaborators, the complex paths of internationalization, and its role in the
consolidation of Public Health. The work employs information the very Journal
produced and data extracted from SciELO Analytics 1,2 . The analysis is supported by
science and technology literature.
Created by the Brazilian Collective Health Association (ABRASCO) in 1996, at
a time of investment in the scientific field, Ciência & Saúde Coletiva bears the mark of
associationism around SUS development through academic engagement and strategic
support for the health sector in democratic life 3,4 . Paim recalls in the review of the work
organized by Nísia Trindade 5 and peers about the 25 years of the Association:

What can we say about a generation of Brazilians who resisted the dictatorship,
fought for democracy, organized the health movement, invented the Brazilian
Center for Health Studies (CEBES), created Public Health, produced
publications, founded the Brazilian Collective Health Association
(ABRASCO), triggered the Health Reform, conceived and implemented the
SUS, created new subjects, implemented postgraduate and research programs,
created institutions, and expanded scientific and technological production in
health in the country? 5

This text speaks in a rhetorical tone of ABRASCO’s associative logic, which has
gathered the active participation of multiple stakeholders since 1979 around the
transformations of Public Health, renamed as “Collective Health”, whose concept is
broader. It means a joint action of government, civil society, and citizens around the
same institutional political project of promoting equity and universalization of health
rights comprehensively 6-9 .
The mission of these associations is to promote large-scale mobilization,
redefining individual awareness about a specific and important social issue in a
collective cause 10 . As Vieira-da-Silva 11 points out, ABRASCO has been monitoring the
interfaces between the production of scientific and technological knowledge in health,
activism, and the construction of public policies since the second half of the 20 th century
in Brazil. However, it also makes projections about the present and the future 12 . The
Association’s mission is reflected in Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (C&SC), which can be
understood as a scientific space for discussions and consensus-building on health issues
and the quality of life of the Brazilian population under the principles of
comprehensiveness, equity, and universality. These principles are the foundation of the
Brazilian health system and aim to ensure that all citizens access services and
comprehensive and appropriate care, considering personal and collective needs.
In turn, formalizing SUS principles considers the contribution of the main theses
of the so-called Ottawa Charter 13 , which emphasizes the shared responsibility between
individuals, community, government, and the health sector, anchored in the concept of
“promotion”. This document stems from the First International Health Promotion
Conference in Canada. It became a landmark for global Public Health, as it defines and
emphasizes the empowerment of communities and individuals to increase control over

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preventable illness problems and to improve the quality of life. The charter proposes
five lines of action: building healthy public policies, creating health-conducive
environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and
reorienting and shifting the focus of sector services from illness to health prevention and
promotion. Committed to the principles and theses cited, the Journal can give a voice to
thousands of professionals and researchers who seek to publicize their ideas and
promote engagement around specific issues that are fundamental to the development of
the sector in Brazil and worldwide.
We should note, however, that although it belongs to an association, the Journal
is not a vehicle for institutional ideas, nor does it privilege members in its publications,
and has always avoided being corporate and parochial. Its scientific merit and relevance
to the sector prevail in epidemiological and comprehensive, historical, and evaluative
studies. Under these characteristics, in these 30 years of existence, the Journal has
gradually managed to find its relevant place in the national and international universe of
science and technology communication vehicles.
Part of its role in the Association, Ciência & Saúde Coletiva has had since its
inception a mark: it is thematic. A theme, as Bardin 14 recalls, configures a unit of
meaning of the issues under analysis. In other words, it refers to a set of elements that
together express a central idea 15 . Thus, in the organization of each issue, in its first part,
the Journal publishes a set of articles that delve into epidemiological analyses,
empirical, comprehensive, and evaluative studies on all levels of the system, generally
related to some topic relevant to SUS development, those who manage it, the
professionals who work in the system, and the population it serves. In the diverse
proposals and approaches, the focus is always on understanding the reality, criticizing
weak points and strategies for improving the system. The second part publishes what is
known as “free themes”; that is, subjects unlinked to the central focus but of great
interest and scientific merit for Collective Health.
Thus, the two attributes are concomitant: the Journal’s thematic identity
expresses its associative character, a reflection of its DNA, mobilizing interdisciplinary
and interinstitutional groups of specialists in the field to focus on problems that need to
be addressed, either because they are invisible or because they are urgent for society.
Behind the ideas, therefore, are stakeholders who mobilize around a study focus,
whether seeking consensus, expressing criticism and raising new questions, or
participating in the production of knowledge in the transformations of this living,
pulsating SUS, but always incomplete, inconclusive, and in constant construction.
An important question in this context is: Who and how are the thematic issues
organized? The main organizers are groups of researchers from all over the country,
whether or not they are associated with ABRASCO but who work in the sector. This
group submits its proposal to an Editorial Policy Board composed of highly experienced
and intellectually qualified researchers who decide on the meaning, merit, and
opportunity of publishing a given topic, which is always done through a term of
reference. One way to present the proposal is to submit it already formatted, justifying
and showing its internal coherence. Another option is to facilitate the discussion, also
through a reference term, but through a public call, a format that is usually very
successful due to the open and democratic way in which it is conducted. In general,
inputs are received from researchers from all over Brazil and other countries. Inter-
institutional groups usually prepare public calls. However, they are also initiated by the
Editors-in-Chief when they feel the need and urgency to discuss a health issue of great
interest to Brazilian society. A third method is to structure the discussion around a topic,

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conducted by the very editors, based on the stock of approved articles that constitute an
important collection called “open themes”.
Collective Health in topics over the last five years
Capturing the meanings of the scientific production of the last 30 years (1996 to
June 2025) would be a herculean task. Aware of these limits, we opted to analyze the
titles that make up the thematic issues of the last five years (Supplementary Material 1
available at https://doi.org/10.48331/scielodata.SSMCSY), understanding that they can,
at least, point to the focus of the reflections. In this sense, the temporal and identity-
based selection illustrates the complexity of this endeavor.
By categorizing the 65 issues published during this period (2020-2024), 13
thematic categories were identified (Table 1). Each one is made up of subthemes.
Categories and subthemes are not mutually exclusive, so the ideas or meanings
attributed to them may be simultaneously in more than one topic.
When looking at Table 1, one can see how diverse scientific production is in the
issues published during the period. This set allows for some observations. First, the
collection is not limited to discussions on a national level. In general, the issues delve
deeper into knowledge comparatively between what is happening in Brazil and other
countries, highlighting specificities, commonalities, and divergences. This expanded
view allows readers to understand varied health systems and policies on specific health
problems internally, in Latin America, and ongoing in the most diverse regions.
A second point is the diversity of disciplines that underpin health sciences in the
discussion of collective health and the articulation with other disciplines such as history,
geography, sociology, anthropology, environmental sciences, statistics, information and
communication, and clinical Medicine. A third important note is the multiplicity of
methods and techniques described in the different articles, sometimes in a combined
fashion, allowing for innovations and strategic approaches. A fourth point,
epistemological aspect, is the interdisciplinary and representative integration of health
sciences in how Collective Health and clinical practice began to move hand in hand in a
mutual interfertilization and frequently dissolving false dichotomies between subject
and object and individual and society.
Finally, we should highlight the collective work in the construction of the
thematic issues in which the role of the so-called “Guest Editors” is crucial to highlight
relevant themes and important research, communicate with the authors, participate in
the evaluation of the material received and in sharing decisions with the Editors-in-
Chief.
TABELA 1
The themes that name the Journal’s issues can be understood as agendas. This
fact is supported if we build on one of the meanings attributed by Kingdon 16 to this
expression, which is that of a set of proposals that are related coherently and become the
focus of attention. The thematized proposals are issues research groups deem essential
in the field of Health and frequently demanded by managers and professionals who
work in practice.
However, we should emphasize that Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is not a “white
label” journal. All texts published by the Journal are submitted for careful evaluation by
Associate Editors, who are experts in the areas that underlie the field and are approved
by the Editors-in-Chief. However, as the Journal disseminates essential, theoretical,

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practical, and technical knowledge and assessments, we understand with Joachim 17 that
researchers – as stakeholders external to governments – although they do not have the
power to command and manage – can influence the debate on executive agendas and
contribute to the emergence of new proposals, as scientific knowledge is generally
reflective and critical.
Considering what has been published in the last five years, we should take a
quick look at the relevance of this set: (1) Commitment to defending the Unified Health
System (SUS), while highlighting its dilemmas, challenges, gaps and potential; (2)
Theoretical, methodological, technical and technological contributions to support
scientific production in Collective Health; (3) Presentation of new technologies for
analyzing problems and for advancing the system’s communication and
universalization; (4) Focus on healthcare and promotion considering diversity,
vulnerabilities, and discrimination of minorities; (5) Discussion of factors and
conditions that compromise individual and collective health; (6) Attention to health
promotion and surveillance of health problems by age group – children, adolescents,
women, mothers, workers, and older adults – by ethnicity, and gender diversity; (7)
Problematization and evaluation of organizational forms, management conditions and
principles and gaps caused by insufficient funding and national, regional, and local
inequalities; (8) Analysis of national and international pandemics, epidemics, diseases
and health problems; (9) Working conditions for all healthcare professionals: doctors,
nurses, social workers, psychologists, nutritionists, physiotherapists, physical educators,
nursing and laboratory technicians, and administrative staff, from managers to
receptionists, cleaning staff, stretcher bearers, and even gravediggers; (10) Historical
and ethical aspects underlying the genetic heritage of the SUS, analyses of the territories
where Collective Health is built, and professional careers.
Although the article does not address the 25 volumes that preceded the five
studied, in an overview, we could say that Ciência & Saúde Coletiva has always been
attentive to the implementation of equity and universalization policies of the SUS. It
produced thematic editions for all National Health Conferences from 1988 onwards,
published analyses on all National Health Surveys in collaboration between IBGE, the
Ministry of Health, and the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, and tackled thorny issues such as
the role of Collective Health in the face of abortion, legal and illegal drugs, armed
violence, and the performance of the health sector in military governments.
Access to Ciência & Saúde Coletiva in Brazil and the world
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva has been an open-access journal since its inception.
According to statistical data from SciELO, it has produced 8,237 documents and
247,851 references during its existence. With varying frequency, the works published in
it have been consulted by the national and international academic community. Since it
belongs to a Brazilian Association, readers and researchers who use it the most are
obviously Brazilians, followed by those from the United States, China, Portugal,
Germany, Mexico, Canada, India, Argentina, Peru, and Colombia, who occupy the top
10 spots in access, as can be seen in Table 2.
TABELA 2
We should note that, according to SciELO Analitycs 1 , all South American
countries have a high number of accesses. In addition to those already mentioned in the
Table, Chile, Ecuador, and Paraguay stand out. In Central America, readers are mainly
from Cuba and Costa Rica. In Europe, in addition to those mentioned above, we have

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the United Kingdom with 146,720 accesses, Russia with 128,692, France with 111,640,
Spain with 111,420, and Italy with 76,294. Actually, albeit in smaller numbers, accesses
are distributed across almost every country in the world. In Africa, Mozambique stands
out with 130,868 accesses, Angola with 124,933, South Africa with 26,604, and Nigeria
with 18,631, followed by Kenya and Ivory Coast. In the Middle East, Iran stands out
with 19,108 accesses, Egypt with 9,748, and Iraq with 8,803. Notably, we should also
mention the relevance of Australian and Indonesian readers, with 81,669 and 75,896
accesses, respectively.
The Journal has also managed to increase the number of foreign authors by
publishing, in general, together with Brazilian authors. As in the case of accesses, the
most significant number of authors are Brazilian. The presence of foreign authors has
been increasing slowly since then, which can be seen in Table 3.
TABELA 3
The Journal also includes articles by authors from other countries in Europe,
South and Central America, Africa, Asia (India, China, Thailand), and Oceania
(Australia). Bringing in more researchers from other countries to enrich the culture and
approaches to health has been a massive challenge for Ciência & Saúde Coletiva.
However, it is a goal that is sought and to be achieved. The greatest successes are
achieved when Brazilian authors work together with foreigners in collaborative projects
whose products are published in the Journal.
In the quest for this internationalization, the editors have endeavored to translate
most of the articles into English, invest in popularizing science through the publication
of press releases and podcasts about the thematic issues, and be present on social media.
The limits lie in the internal national cultures, which obviously prioritize discussing
their health problems; in the larger or smaller contours that the researchers themselves
outline for their projects; in the level of international cooperation and scarce funding. It
seems evident that the Journal is a vehicle for the spread and dissemination of
information and not for the production of knowledge, although it can and does play an
inductive role.
DISCUSSION
The idea of ​​addressing “associativism” in the year of Ciência & Saúde
Coletiva’s 30 th anniversary stems from the fact that it is a means of communication for
ABRASCO. Being part of ABRASCO has several consequences. The first is relatively
straightforward and obvious. By representing an entity with members nationwide and
gathering researchers, students, managers, and professionals from the sector, the
Journal’s Editorial Board includes representatives from postgraduate programs
throughout Brazil, in addition to 20 foreign collaborators. The second is that, as it
publishes national and international authors, including undergraduate and postgraduate
students, even though it translates almost all articles into English and occasionally into
Spanish, the Journal always publishes them in Portuguese out of respect for readers –
including laypeople – who do not speak the foreign language. The third consequence is
that the Association is committed to scientific production in the field by problematizing
issues that it considers to be of interest for SUS development and improvement and the
policies that arise from it and recognizes the ethical and imprescriptible nature of the
freedom and responsibility of the researchers who, with merit, disseminate their
findings and reflections. In reverence to its main asset, which is the authors, the

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Journal’s input is a historically polyphonic and polysemic process incompatible with
interpretative, institutional, or political monopolies.
Epistemologically, the entire editorial board follows the idea that science is made
through approximation and non-linear consensus and dissent, inherent to the search for
and advancement of knowledge 19-20 . In his writings, Bourdieu 19 recalls that the objectivist
view of reality is a simplistic idea because it leads to a reification of social structures,
addressing them as ahistorical entities capable of acting or determining facts. More than
that, acting as an institution that houses the Journal and by respecting the authors’ total
freedom of expression, ABRASCO includes itself as one of the important stakeholders
in the configuration of the national and international technical-scientific open science
backdrop.
The decision to work with in-depth topics from such a diverse field has been
made since the Journal’s inception as a decision by the Editorial Board to give it a
competitive edge over other media outlets in the field. This choice makes sense as it
allows for the gathering, in-depth analysis, and dissemination of research conducted in
several institutions of relevance to the health sector. It must be said, however, that this
type of “what to do” is extremely laborious and requires the efforts of many
stakeholders. Sometimes, it is tempting to give up on this perspective, which has been
preserved with great difficulty and at the cost of much investment. To date, however, the
original proposal remains firmly anchored in the will of ABRASCO management and
the Editorial Board.
Notably, we should underscore that Ciência & Saúde Coletiva continues its
construction and ascension in the academic field, having reached the top of Brazilian
Public Health/Collective Health journals with international circulation. It achieved the
A1 ​​concept in the CAPES evaluation, and although it still has a low impact yield (1.2)
on the Web of Science, its value in the ranking is higher than the world average (1.0). In
the H index of Google Scholar, it ranks first among all national journals in all areas
(80/102). Also, as shown, it has contributed to the consolidation of Collective Health as
a scientific field, which, according to Boudieu 21 , represents:

“a system of objective relations between positions acquired (in previous
struggles). It is also the place, the playing space of a competitive struggle.
What is specifically at stake in this struggle is the monopoly of scientific
authority defined, inseparably, as technical capacity and social power or [the
search for] the monopoly of scientific competence, understood as the capacity
to speak and act legitimately (that is, in an authorized and authoritative
manner), which is socially granted to a given agent (p.88) 21 .

We could say that, more than a struggle, ABRASCO’s search for scientific
legitimacy is corroborated and strengthened by the Journal when it delves into the most
relevant themes of Collective Health as thought, technique, practice, and action. This is
what the reader finds in it: a contribution to strengthen and compose a complex field
that reaffirms itself in a multidisciplinary vision by gathering thousands of people, two
academic vehicles for scientific dissemination – Ciência & Saúde Coletiva and Revista
Brasileira de Epidemiologia – a web page for communication with associates,
representation in the Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science, the
International Public Health Association, the Brazilian Association of Scientific Editors,
and the periodic production of Seminars and Congresses.
The progressive conditions of this field are given, among which, a unity of
thought focused on SUS consolidation, the improvement of undergraduate and
postgraduate courses, and the provision of advisory and consultancy services to the

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SUS, which is due to the technical capacity, research, and production of knowledge of
the associates. In the formation of the associative habitus 22 , the Journal plays a relevant
role that involves individuals and practices through theoretical, methodological, and
political guidelines 23 . This associative habitus is a behavior and action form: it is
impossible to be a public health activist without articulating academic knowledge with
the social vision, action strategies, and political militancy for human rights 24 .
We could not end this discussion without mentioning that Ciência & Saúde
Coletiva is entering its 30 th year of existence at a time when social communication and
scientific dissemination are experiencing a whirlwind of transformations globally. Like
all indexed Brazilian journals, it is undergoing this process. A 2019-2023 report by
Clarivate 2 affirms that Brazil ranked 13 th in the world regarding the number of indexed
publications (458,370), with 54.4% of articles by national authors in open-access.
During this time, in the Brazilian scientific field, according to Clarivate 2 , there
were important advances to be celebrated: the gold standard open access publication
levels in the country increased from 36% to 41%; the percentage of articles with
international co-authorship hiked from 28% in 2014 to 38% in 2023. Also, Brazil
indexed 6,304 publications in the period among the top 20 countries in the world that
research artificial intelligence.
In the field of health sciences – which is of most interest in this reflection – the
relationship between Brazilian science and industry has grown significantly, especially
in the pharmaceutical area and in the production of clinical trials: 25% of articles
involved this cooperation type. Also, there are relatively high levels of cutting-edge
research in topics related to environmental, medical, and biological sciences. From 2014
to 2023, most research articles (190,575) published by Web of Science were in Health
Sciences, which represents 27% of national production. This sector also has the highest
average citation impact normalized by category (1.05, and the world average is 1.00)
and the highest proportion of articles (8.1%) among the 10% most cited in the world. 2,25
When compared to the BRICS, Brazil stands out for the orientation of its production
towards the “Sustainable Development Goals” (SDGs) in themes such as Health and
Well-Being; Poverty Eradication; Quality Education; Gender Equity; Life Below Water
and Life on Land; Peace, Justice, and Effective Institutions. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is
undoubtedly part of this group committed to the SUS and honors the country’s
development.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
One of the limitations of this article is its relatively limited objective: to
highlight the attributes that make Ciência & Saúde Coletiva what it is. The text would
have been much richer if we had compared it with the most important national journals
in the field. However, this was not our intention, as we only aimed to celebrate its
presence at the 30-year mark and its achievements. There will be another time for
comparing, criticizing, and discussing weaknesses and difficulties. This conclusion is
based on the original proposal.
As Minayo et al. 26 point out, the Journal has become fundamental to
consolidating the field of knowledge and practices known as “Collective Health.” On
the one hand, it contributes with appropriate and rigorous evaluations that promote the
growth of the critical mass that makes the field increasingly dynamic, diverse, and
specific while delimiting its generous borders. On the other hand, it disseminates to the
national community of peers and the entire world what is being produced and

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consolidated here on Public Health/Collective Health. This process is recursive and
brings depth, innovation, and international recognition.
Finally, within its scope, by gathering multiple authors who represent national
scientific competence – understood as the ability to speak and act legitimately – Ciência
& Saúde Coletiva is one of ABRASCO’s greatest assets. Also, without losing modesty,
it must be said that it continues to thrive, improving, expanding, and honoring the name
of the association that disseminates knowledge and appropriates it to act in practice and
politically in Collective Health, which does not mean that it does not face challenges,
especially regarding financing. For example, at this very moment, it is facing a crisis of
excess demand, which is difficult to overcome given the Executive Team’s objective
working conditions. The Journal would currently have biweekly editions if ABRASCO
or some sponsor could provide financial and personnel support.
We end this article with a grateful hug to the Executive Team that performs the
daily work, to each one of the Associate Editors responsible for the quality of the
articles in the specific areas, and to all the de facto or ad hoc reviewers who generously
make up the Editorial Board, and mainly the authors who choose and prefer to publish
in Ciência & Saúde Coletiva and all the institutions that generously contribute to its
success.
Acknowledgments
To Valeria de Souza Reis Viana de Oliveira and Anadrielle Cristina de Souza
Pinheiro for their assistance in researching articles and themes for the Ciência & Saúde
Coletiva issues.

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