0278/2019 - Crises econômicas, mortalidade de crianças e o papel protetor do gasto público em saúde. Economic crises, child mortality and the protective role of public health expenditure.
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar como as crises econômicas afetam a saúde infantil a nível global e entre subgrupos de países com diferentes níveis de renda. Foram utilizados dados do Banco Mundial e da Organização Mundial da Saúde para 127 países entre os anos de 1995 e 2014. Foi utilizado um modelo de efeitos fixos, avaliando o efeito da mudança em indicadores macroeconômicos (PIB per capita, taxa de desemprego e de inflação, e taxa de desconforto) na taxa de mortalidade neonatal, infantil, e de menores de cinco anos. Adicionalmente, avaliou-se a modificação do efeito da associação de acordo com a renda dos países e também a influência do gasto público em saúde nessa relação. As evidências mostraram que piores indicadores econômicos (menor PIB per capita e maiores inflação, taxa de desemprego e taxa de desconforto) estão associados com maiores taxas de mortalidade infantil. Nas subamostras por estrato de renda, observa-se a mesma relação, porém com efeitos de maior magnitude entre os países de renda baixa e média. Verificou-se ainda que um maior percentual nos gastos públicos em saúde ameniza os efeitos dos indicadores econômicos nas taxas de mortalidade infantil. Desta forma, é necessário aumentar a atenção aos efeitos nocivos das crises macroeconômicas para garantir melhorias na saúde infantil.
Palavras-chave:
mortalidade infantil, desemprego, inflação, renda per capita.
Abstract:
The objective of the study was to analyze how economic crises affect child health globally and between subgroups of countries with different levels of income. Datathe World Bank and the World Health Organization were used for 127 countries between 1995 and 2014. We estimated a fixed effects model, evaluating the effect of the change in macroeconomic indicators (GDP per capita, unemployment rate and inflation rate and economic discomfort rate) in neonatal, infant and under-five mortality rates. In addition, we evaluated whether there was a change in the effect according to the income of the countries and also analyzed the role of public health expenditure in this relation. Evidence has shown that worse economic indicators (lower GDP per capita, higher inflation, unemployment rates and discomfort rates) are associated with higher infant mortality rates. In the subsamples by income strata, the same relation is observed, but with effects of greater magnitude for low- and middle-income countries. We also verified that a higher percentage in public health expenditures alleviates the effects of economic indicators on infant mortality rates. Thus, attention needs to be paid to the harmful effects of macroeconomic crises to ensure improvements in child health.
Keywords:
infant mortality, unemployment, inflation, per capita income.
Economic crises, child mortality and the protective role of public health expenditure.
Resumo (abstract):
The objective of the study was to analyze how economic crises affect child health globally and between subgroups of countries with different levels of income. Datathe World Bank and the World Health Organization were used for 127 countries between 1995 and 2014. We estimated a fixed effects model, evaluating the effect of the change in macroeconomic indicators (GDP per capita, unemployment rate and inflation rate and economic discomfort rate) in neonatal, infant and under-five mortality rates. In addition, we evaluated whether there was a change in the effect according to the income of the countries and also analyzed the role of public health expenditure in this relation. Evidence has shown that worse economic indicators (lower GDP per capita, higher inflation, unemployment rates and discomfort rates) are associated with higher infant mortality rates. In the subsamples by income strata, the same relation is observed, but with effects of greater magnitude for low- and middle-income countries. We also verified that a higher percentage in public health expenditures alleviates the effects of economic indicators on infant mortality rates. Thus, attention needs to be paid to the harmful effects of macroeconomic crises to ensure improvements in child health.
Palavras-chave (keywords):
infant mortality, unemployment, inflation, per capita income.
Tejada, C.A.O, Triaca, L.M, Liermann, N.H, Ewerling, F, Costa, J.C. Crises econômicas, mortalidade de crianças e o papel protetor do gasto público em saúde.. Cien Saude Colet [periódico na internet] (2019/out). [Citado em 22/01/2025].
Está disponível em: http://cienciaesaudecoletiva.com.br/artigos/crises-economicas-mortalidade-de-criancas-e-o-papel-protetor-do-gasto-publico-em-saude/17352?id=17352
