Retratamos a evolução da enfermagem em Portugal desde a criação do Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS) em 1979- focando sobre os efetivos, a formação, as condições de trabalho, a carreira, e a organização profissional. Utilizamos a literatura sobre a evolução do sector da saúde em Portugal, e fontes de dados estatísticos da Ordem dos Enfermeiros e do SNS. Nos últimos 40 anos, o número de enfermeiros aumentou de 233%, mas o rácio enfermeiro/ médico só passou de 1.15 para 1.7. A maioria exerce funções nos hospitais, apesar dos repetidos compromissos políticos a favor da expansão dos cuidados de saúde primários. No SNS, 55% são funcionários públicos com contrato por tempo indeterminado; os outros detêm um contrato individual de trabalho de direito privado. O curso de licenciatura em enfermagem é oferecido em 20 escolas do sector público e 16 do sector privado. Em 2019, a carreira de enfermagem foi revista em 3 categorias: enfermeiro, enfermeiro especialista e enfermeiro gestor. Apesar de queixas em relação as condições de trabalho, a remuneração e ao progresso na careira, os enfermeiros continuam moderadamente satisfeitos. A participação sindical é muito fragmentada, o que gera algumas rivalidades e há um nível elevado de conflitualidade com o governo. O papel do enfermeiro, mudou pouco ao longo dos anos e há resistência por parte da Ordem dos Médicos a sua expansão.
Palavras-chave:
Enfermagem, Portugal, evolução da profissão, educação, condições de trabalho
Abstract:
We describe the evolution of nursing in Portugal, since the creation of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1979, focusing on the number of nurses, their education, conditions of work, career and organization of the profession. We used the literature on the evolution of the health sector in Portugal and statistical datathe Nursing Council and of the NHS. In the last 40 years, the number of nurses grew by 233%, but the nurse/physician ratio only grew1.15 to 1.7. in the NHS, 55% are public servants, the others being contracted. The majority of nurses work in hospitals, in spite of repeated political commitments to expand primary care services. The basic nursing program is currently offered in 20 public institutions and 16 private ones. In 2019, the career structure was revised and now comprises 3 statuses: nurse, specialist nurse, nurse manager. In spite of complaints about conditions of work, remuneration and lack of progresso in their career, nurses remain moderately satisfied. Participation in unions is fragmented, which generates some rivalries; there is a high level of conflictuality between them and the government. The role of nurses changed little over the years and there is resistancethe Medical Council to its expansion.
Keywords:
Nursing, Portugal, evolution of the profession, education, working conditions
Nursing in Portugal in the National Health Service at 40.
Resumo (abstract):
We describe the evolution of nursing in Portugal, since the creation of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1979, focusing on the number of nurses, their education, conditions of work, career and organization of the profession. We used the literature on the evolution of the health sector in Portugal and statistical datathe Nursing Council and of the NHS. In the last 40 years, the number of nurses grew by 233%, but the nurse/physician ratio only grew1.15 to 1.7. in the NHS, 55% are public servants, the others being contracted. The majority of nurses work in hospitals, in spite of repeated political commitments to expand primary care services. The basic nursing program is currently offered in 20 public institutions and 16 private ones. In 2019, the career structure was revised and now comprises 3 statuses: nurse, specialist nurse, nurse manager. In spite of complaints about conditions of work, remuneration and lack of progresso in their career, nurses remain moderately satisfied. Participation in unions is fragmented, which generates some rivalries; there is a high level of conflictuality between them and the government. The role of nurses changed little over the years and there is resistancethe Medical Council to its expansion.
Palavras-chave (keywords):
Nursing, Portugal, evolution of the profession, education, working conditions
Fronteira, I., Jesus, E.H, Dussault, G.. A enfermagem em Portugal aos 40 anos do Serviço Nacional de Saúde.. Cien Saude Colet [periódico na internet] (2019/out). [Citado em 22/12/2024].
Está disponível em: http://cienciaesaudecoletiva.com.br/artigos/a-enfermagem-em-portugal-aos-40-anos-do-servico-nacional-de-saude/17362?id=17362&id=17362
