0240/2024 - O “Bolsa Família” nativo: monetarização, redistribuição de renda e a vida social dos Rikbaktsa, Amazônia brasileira The native “Bolsa Família” (Family Allowance): monetarization, income redistribution and the social life of the Rikbaktsa, Brazilian Amazon
• ADRIANA ROMANO ATHILA - ATHILA, A. R. - <adrianarathila@gmail.com> ORCID: HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-7441-380X
Resumo:
Especialmente a partir dos anos 2000, povos indígenas no Brasil se tornam beneficiários de políticas previdenciárias e de transferência de renda, como o programa nacionalmente conhecido por Bolsa Família. Poucos estudos de campo avaliaram a grandeza e o significado da monetarização sobre a vida social e economias indígenas. Com este objetivo, entre 2019 e 2020, realizei um estudo etnográfico e um survey em duas aldeias dos Rikbaktsa, na Amazônia brasileira. Os resultados quantitativos acusavam a disseminação do dinheiro de Programas governamentais e outras atividades, formando diferentes classes de renda. Importantes transações não eram capturadas, tidas como ajudas que não podiam ser negadas por aqueles com algum dinheiro. Ao modo de um Bolsa Família nativo, recursos híbridos eram redistribuídos através de um aquecido mercado aldeão, contrariando diferenças socioeconômicas e condições desiguais. A discussão encontra um contexto sociopolítico globalmente desfavorável e que agrava iniquidades históricas nas condições de vida e saúde de povos indígenas. A pesquisa contribui à produção de dados e à proposição de metodologias culturalmente sensíveis para estimar e permitir a governança de políticas públicas para e por indígenas, recomendáveis à reversão daquelas iniquidades.
Palavras-chave:
Povos indígenas; Política pública; Metodologias de avaliação; Iniquidades em Saúde.
Abstract:
Especially since the since the 2000s, Indigenous peoples in Brazil have become beneficiaries of social security and income transfer policies, such as the program known as Bolsa Família (Family Allowance). Few field studies have evaluated the magnitude and significance of monetarization in indigenous social lives and economies. To this end, between 2019 and 2020, I carried out an ethnographic study and a survey in two villages of the Rikbaktsa people in Brazilian Amazon. The quantitative results showed the social dissemination of moneyPrograms and other activities, forming marked income classes. Important transactions were not captured, considered as \"aids\" that could not be denied by those with some money. Like a native Bolsa Família, hybrid resources were redistributed in a heated village market, counteracting socioeconomic differences and unequal conditions. The discussion takes place in a globally unfavorable sociopolitical context that exacerbates historical inequalities expressed in the living and health conditions of indigenous peoples. The research contributes to the production of data and the proposal of culturally sensitive methodologies to estimate and enable the governance of public policies for/by indigenous people, which are recommended to reverse these inequities.
Keywords:
Indigenous People; Public Policy; Evaluation methodologies; Health Inequity.
The native “Bolsa Família” (Family Allowance): monetarization, income redistribution and the social life of the Rikbaktsa, Brazilian Amazon
Resumo (abstract):
Especially since the since the 2000s, Indigenous peoples in Brazil have become beneficiaries of social security and income transfer policies, such as the program known as Bolsa Família (Family Allowance). Few field studies have evaluated the magnitude and significance of monetarization in indigenous social lives and economies. To this end, between 2019 and 2020, I carried out an ethnographic study and a survey in two villages of the Rikbaktsa people in Brazilian Amazon. The quantitative results showed the social dissemination of moneyPrograms and other activities, forming marked income classes. Important transactions were not captured, considered as \"aids\" that could not be denied by those with some money. Like a native Bolsa Família, hybrid resources were redistributed in a heated village market, counteracting socioeconomic differences and unequal conditions. The discussion takes place in a globally unfavorable sociopolitical context that exacerbates historical inequalities expressed in the living and health conditions of indigenous peoples. The research contributes to the production of data and the proposal of culturally sensitive methodologies to estimate and enable the governance of public policies for/by indigenous people, which are recommended to reverse these inequities.
Palavras-chave (keywords):
Indigenous People; Public Policy; Evaluation methodologies; Health Inequity.
ATHILA, A. R.. O “Bolsa Família” nativo: monetarização, redistribuição de renda e a vida social dos Rikbaktsa, Amazônia brasileira. Cien Saude Colet [periódico na internet] (2024/jun). [Citado em 26/12/2024].
Está disponível em: http://cienciaesaudecoletiva.com.br/artigos/o-bolsa-familia-nativo-monetarizacao-redistribuicao-de-renda-e-a-vida-social-dos-rikbaktsa-amazonia-brasileira/19288?id=19288&id=19288
