0097/2025 - Análise espacial do excesso de peso infantil no Brasil e sua relação com determinantes macro, meso e microambientais Spatial analysis of childhood overweight in Brazil and its relationship with macro, meso, and microenvironmental determinants
Esta pesquisa analisou a distribuição espacial e a associação de fatores ambientais com o excesso de peso (EP) infantil, obtido a partir de dados municipais do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (2019) para estimar prevalências e magnitude como problema de saúde pública entre lactentes, pré-escolares e escolares. Foi realizado o índice de Moran para correlação espacial, e modelos lineares generalizados mistos para as associações entre o EP e o micro (prevalência de obesidade em mulheres), meso (densidade de comércios não saudáveis/10000 hab.) e macroambiente (Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Cidades-IDSC). As prevalências respectivas foram alta/muito alta entre lactentes, pré-escolares e escolares em 28%, 75% e 77% das cidades. Quanto maior o IDSC menor foi o EP em lactentes (RP 0,989; 0,986-0,994 IC95%) e pré-escolares (RP 0,991; 0,989-0,994 IC95%); nos escolares, houve associação positiva entre o EP e o micro (RP 1,007; 1,006–1,009 IC95%) e o mesoambiente (RP 1,004; 1,002–1,005 IC95%). Conclui-se que existem aglomerados espaciais de EP em todas as macrorregiões, a proteção dos fatores macroambientais ao EP em menores de cinco anos, e os fatores micro e meso ambientais como risco ao EP nos escolares.
Palavras-chave:
Vigilância alimentar e nutricional; Obesidade infantil; Ambiente construído; Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Geografia em saúde.
Abstract:
This research analyzed the spatial distribution and the association between environmental factors and childhood overweight (OW), using municipal-level datathe Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (2019) to estimate the prevalence of OW and its magnitude as a public health problem among infants, preschoolers, and school-aged children. The Moran’s index for spatial correlation was performed, and generalized linear mixed models for the associations between OW and the micro (prevalence of obesity in women), meso (density of unhealthy businesses/10,000 inhabitants), and macro environment (Sustainable Cities Development Index - IDSC). The respective prevalences were high/very high among infants, preschoolers, and school-aged children in 28%, 75%, and 77% of the cities. The higher the IDSC, the lower the prevalence of OW among infants (PR 0,989; 0,986-0,994 95%CI) and preschoolers (PR 0,991; 0,989-0,994 95%CI); among school-aged children, there was a positive association between OW and the micro (PR 1,007; 1,006–1,009 95%CI) and meso environment (PR 1,004; 1,002–1,005 95%CI). It is concluded that there are spatial clusters of OW in all macro-regions, with macroenvironmental factors providing protection against OW in children under five years of age, while micro and mesoenvironmental factors pose risk for OW school-aged children.
Keywords:
Food and Nutritional Surveillance; Childhood Obesity; Built Environment; Sustainable Development Goals; Health Geography.
Spatial analysis of childhood overweight in Brazil and its relationship with macro, meso, and microenvironmental determinants
Resumo (abstract):
This research analyzed the spatial distribution and the association between environmental factors and childhood overweight (OW), using municipal-level datathe Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (2019) to estimate the prevalence of OW and its magnitude as a public health problem among infants, preschoolers, and school-aged children. The Moran’s index for spatial correlation was performed, and generalized linear mixed models for the associations between OW and the micro (prevalence of obesity in women), meso (density of unhealthy businesses/10,000 inhabitants), and macro environment (Sustainable Cities Development Index - IDSC). The respective prevalences were high/very high among infants, preschoolers, and school-aged children in 28%, 75%, and 77% of the cities. The higher the IDSC, the lower the prevalence of OW among infants (PR 0,989; 0,986-0,994 95%CI) and preschoolers (PR 0,991; 0,989-0,994 95%CI); among school-aged children, there was a positive association between OW and the micro (PR 1,007; 1,006–1,009 95%CI) and meso environment (PR 1,004; 1,002–1,005 95%CI). It is concluded that there are spatial clusters of OW in all macro-regions, with macroenvironmental factors providing protection against OW in children under five years of age, while micro and mesoenvironmental factors pose risk for OW school-aged children.
Palavras-chave (keywords):
Food and Nutritional Surveillance; Childhood Obesity; Built Environment; Sustainable Development Goals; Health Geography.
Vidal, NAC, Menezes, RCE, Silveira, JAC. Análise espacial do excesso de peso infantil no Brasil e sua relação com determinantes macro, meso e microambientais. Cien Saude Colet [periódico na internet] (2025/abr). [Citado em 14/08/2026].
Está disponível em: http://cienciaesaudecoletiva.com.br/artigos/analise-espacial-do-excesso-de-peso-infantil-no-brasil-e-sua-relacao-com-determinantes-macro-meso-e-microambientais/19573?id=19573
