O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a resposta à pandemia da covid-19 no Uruguai e em Cuba nos anos de 2020 e 2021, sistematizando possíveis lições. Trata-se de um estudo de casos comparado, apoiado em revisão integrativa, análise documental e dados secundários. Ambos os países podem ser descritos como casos de sucesso no enfrentamento à Covid-19, em 2020, tendo sofrido, porém, uma reviravolta da situação em 2021. Como elementos de destaque na primeira fase aponta-se à coordenação da resposta, exercida pelo chefe de governo, instituições de saúde pública e do campo acadêmico, além de características preexistentes em seus sistemas de saúde e de proteção social. O insucesso em 2021 pode estar relacionado, por sua vez, desalinhamento entre autoridades do Governo uruguaio e a assessoria científica, na flexibilização das medidas, e a entrada de novas variantes; a reabertura do turismo em Cuba; o afrouxamento das medidas de distanciamento social e surgimento e propagação de novas variantes nos dois casos. Neste ano, a contenção da doença se deu principalmente por meio da imunização rápida nos dois países, apesar de relativo retardo em sua iniciação. A partir das experiências relatadas, discutiu-se aspectos que podem auxiliar respostas futuras no enfrentamento de emergências sanitárias.
Palavras-chave:
Uruguai, Cuba, COVID-19, Sistemas de Saúde, Vigilância.
Abstract:
The present study aims to analyze the response to the covid-19 pandemic in Uruguay and Cuba in the years 2020 and 2021, systematizing possible lessons. This is a comparative case study, supported by an integrative review, document analysis and secondary data. Both countries can be described as successful cases in fighting Covid-19 in 2020, having suffered, however, a turnaround in the situation in 2021. As highlighted elements in the first phase, the coordination of the response, exercised by the chief government, public health institutions and the academic field, in addition to pre-existing characteristics of their health and social protection systems. The failure in 2021 may be related, in turn, to the misalignment between Uruguayan government authorities and scientific advice, in the relaxation of measures, and the entry of new variants; the reopening of tourism in Cuba; the loosening of social distancing measures and the emergence and spread of new variants in both cases. This year, the disease was contained mainly through rapid immunization in both countries, despite a relative delay in its initiation. Based on the experiences reported, aspects that can help future responses in dealing with health emergencies were discussed.
Keywords:
Uruguay, Cuba, COVID-19, Health Systems, Surveillance.
RESPONSE OF CUBA AND URUGUAY IN TACKLING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Resumo (abstract):
The present study aims to analyze the response to the covid-19 pandemic in Uruguay and Cuba in the years 2020 and 2021, systematizing possible lessons. This is a comparative case study, supported by an integrative review, document analysis and secondary data. Both countries can be described as successful cases in fighting Covid-19 in 2020, having suffered, however, a turnaround in the situation in 2021. As highlighted elements in the first phase, the coordination of the response, exercised by the chief government, public health institutions and the academic field, in addition to pre-existing characteristics of their health and social protection systems. The failure in 2021 may be related, in turn, to the misalignment between Uruguayan government authorities and scientific advice, in the relaxation of measures, and the entry of new variants; the reopening of tourism in Cuba; the loosening of social distancing measures and the emergence and spread of new variants in both cases. This year, the disease was contained mainly through rapid immunization in both countries, despite a relative delay in its initiation. Based on the experiences reported, aspects that can help future responses in dealing with health emergencies were discussed.
Palavras-chave (keywords):
Uruguay, Cuba, COVID-19, Health Systems, Surveillance.
Vasco, M.D, Ribeiro, C.A.S, Esperidião, M.A., Oliveira, A.B. RESPOSTA DE CUBA E URUGUAI NO ENFRENTAMENTO À PANDEMIA DE COVID-19. Cien Saude Colet [periódico na internet] (2023/mar). [Citado em 22/12/2024].
Está disponível em: http://cienciaesaudecoletiva.com.br/artigos/resposta-de-cuba-e-uruguai-no-enfrentamento-a-pandemia-de-covid19/18692?id=18692&id=18692
