O Brasil é a segunda nação em número absoluto de novos casos de hanseníase no mundo. O país apresenta muitas regiões altamente endêmicas para a doença, como é caso do estado de Goiás. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as tendências temporais dos indicadores de hanseníase em Goiás, entre 2006 e 2015. Este estudo demonstrou uma tendência significativa de declínio para o coeficiente de detecção. Embora a macrorregião do Centro-Oeste do estado tenha apresentado a maior ocorrência absoluta de casos, o Nordeste do estado apresenta a pior situação epidemiológica, com aumento no número de casos de pacientes com incapacidades físicas e menores de 14 anos. Os dados mostraram, ainda, que há um aumento nos casos de pacientes com deformidades físicas em quase todas as macrorregiões do estado, indicativo de diagnóstico tardio. É muito importante que haja uma formação mais efetiva e contínua dos profissionais de saúde das unidades não centralizadas, para um controle real da hanseníase como problema de saúde pública no estado. Além disso, uma atenção especial deve ser dada às regiões mais pobres do estado, que apresentaram uma tendência de aumento no diagnóstico de pacientes menores de 14 anos e com incapacidades físicas causadas pela hanseníase.
Palavras-chave:
Saúde pública; Doenças endêmicas; Estudos de Séries Temporais; Descentralização.
Abstract:
Brazil is the second nation in absolute number of new cases of leprosy in the world. The country presents many regions highly endemic to the disease, as is the case of the Goiás. The present study aims to analyze the temporal trends of leprosy indicators in Goiás between 2006 and 2015. This study showed a significant trend of decline for the coefficient of detection. Although the central-western region of the state presented the highest absolute number of cases, the Northeast of the state presents the worst epidemiological situation, with an increase in the number of cases of patients with physical disabilities and those under 14 years of age. The data also showed that there is an increase in the cases of patients with physical deformities in almost all macroregions of the state, indicative of late diagnosis. It is very important that there is a more effective and continuous training of the health professionals of the non-centralized units, for a real control of leprosy as a public health problem in the state. In addition, special attention should be given to the poorer regions of the state, which have shown a tendency to increase the diagnosis of patients younger than 14 years and with physical disabilities caused by leprosy.
Keywords:
Public health; Endemic diseases; Time series studies; Decentralization.
Tendências epidemiológicas da hanseníase em Goiás.
Resumo (abstract):
Brazil is the second nation in absolute number of new cases of leprosy in the world. The country presents many regions highly endemic to the disease, as is the case of the Goiás. The present study aims to analyze the temporal trends of leprosy indicators in Goiás between 2006 and 2015. This study showed a significant trend of decline for the coefficient of detection. Although the central-western region of the state presented the highest absolute number of cases, the Northeast of the state presents the worst epidemiological situation, with an increase in the number of cases of patients with physical disabilities and those under 14 years of age. The data also showed that there is an increase in the cases of patients with physical deformities in almost all macroregions of the state, indicative of late diagnosis. It is very important that there is a more effective and continuous training of the health professionals of the non-centralized units, for a real control of leprosy as a public health problem in the state. In addition, special attention should be given to the poorer regions of the state, which have shown a tendency to increase the diagnosis of patients younger than 14 years and with physical disabilities caused by leprosy.
Palavras-chave (keywords):
Public health; Endemic diseases; Time series studies; Decentralization.
