0086/2021 - Saúde Mental na Atenção Básica: perspectivas de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família no Nordeste do Brasil Mental Health in Primary Care: perspectives of professionals of the Family Health Strategy in Northeast Brazil
O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) tem na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) o modelo reorientador da atenção e do processo de trabalho. O artigo analisa concepções de profissionais da ESF relativas à saúde mental e à produção do cuidado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, no Nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, alinhada à vertente crítico interpretativa, empregando entrevistas, observação livre e análise documental gerando uma rede de significados organizada em dois eixos: a) “Saúde Mental” na perspectiva dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família e b) O cuidado em “Saúde Mental”: a práxis no contexto da atenção básica. Apesar do potencial dos dispositivos, os resultados do estudo evidenciam concepções acerca da saúde mental circunscritas a uma visão congruente com um projeto de institucionalização e medicalização. No que concerne à dimensão do cuidado, revelam-se lacunas relativas às experiências em saúde mental compartilhadas, através de incipiente parceria entre profissionais da ESF e NASF. Persiste o desafio de reconstruir uma visão alinhada aos preceitos da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira e, na materialidade do trabalho em equipe, criação de espaços que possibilitem no cotidiano da ESF discussões, planejamentos e pactuações.
Palavras-chave:
Políticas Públicas de Saúde; Estratégia Saúde da Família; Saúde Mental; Pesquisa Qualitativa
Abstract:
The Family Health Strategy (FHS) is the model which redirects the attention and the work process in the Brazilian Unified Health System. This article aimed to analyze the mental health care in a health center in Northeastern of Brazil, exploring experiences and conceptions of the professionals of the Family Health Strategy team in a Basic Care Unit and the NASF contributions to the daily work of the investigated service. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative research, aligned with the critical interpretative approach, developed through interviews, free observations and documentary analysis that gave rise to an interpretive network organized in two axes: a) Understanding of professionals about the “Mental Health” phenomenon and b) Care in “Mental Health” in the context of primary care. The results of the study enabled us to recognize the conceptions about mental health that are limited to a reductionist and biomedical vision, congruent with a project of institutionalization. With regard to the dimension of care, a gap was evidenced concerning to the lack of shared mental health experiences in the team. Among the rare actions, we observed an incipient partnership between professionalsthe ESF and the NASF team, marked by a lack of interaction and integration.
Keywords:
Public Health Policies; Family Health Strategy; Mental health; Qualitative research
Mental Health in Primary Care: perspectives of professionals of the Family Health Strategy in Northeast Brazil
Resumo (abstract):
The Family Health Strategy (FHS) is the model which redirects the attention and the work process in the Brazilian Unified Health System. This article aimed to analyze the mental health care in a health center in Northeastern of Brazil, exploring experiences and conceptions of the professionals of the Family Health Strategy team in a Basic Care Unit and the NASF contributions to the daily work of the investigated service. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative research, aligned with the critical interpretative approach, developed through interviews, free observations and documentary analysis that gave rise to an interpretive network organized in two axes: a) Understanding of professionals about the “Mental Health” phenomenon and b) Care in “Mental Health” in the context of primary care. The results of the study enabled us to recognize the conceptions about mental health that are limited to a reductionist and biomedical vision, congruent with a project of institutionalization. With regard to the dimension of care, a gap was evidenced concerning to the lack of shared mental health experiences in the team. Among the rare actions, we observed an incipient partnership between professionalsthe ESF and the NASF team, marked by a lack of interaction and integration.
Palavras-chave (keywords):
Public Health Policies; Family Health Strategy; Mental health; Qualitative research
dos Santos , R. C., Bosi, MLM. Saúde Mental na Atenção Básica: perspectivas de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família no Nordeste do Brasil. Cien Saude Colet [periódico na internet] (2021/Mar). [Citado em 17/09/2024].
Está disponível em: http://cienciaesaudecoletiva.com.br/artigos/saude-mental-na-atencao-basica-perspectivas-de-profissionais-da-estrategia-saude-da-familia-no-nordeste-do-brasil/17985?id=17985
